Alzheimer s Disease And Its Effects - 1701 Words

Alzheimer’s disease is predicted to affect 115 million people worldwide by the year 2050 (Aggarwal, Neelum). This debilitating disease was mostly in the dark to scientists until 2011 when they were finally able to develop a way to observe and study the development of the stages of Alzheimer’s. A lot is still largely unknown about the disease and current studies aim to categorize, provide infrastructure, provide early detection as well as research possible treatments for the disease (Aggarwal, Neelum). As this disease progresses and affects more and more people in each generation, the need for caretakers will also increase. The research of Alzheimer’s must continue to progress so that the number of Alzheimer patients in the future may be reduced. Google defines dementia as â€Å"a chronic or persistent disorder of the mental processes caused by brain disease or injury and marked by memory disorders, personality changes, and impaired reasoning.† According to What is Alzheimer’s, Alzheimer’s disease happens to be the most common form of Dementia. Alzheimer’s is a progressive memory disease that affects the brains neurons causing loss of memory as well as function. Even though memory loss is a common occurrence as people start to age, Alzheimer’s disease is not a normal part of aging. Alz.org explains that two main plaques, which are protein fragments that are built up in the brain, cause Alzheimer’s disease. These two proteins are Beta-amyloid and Tau. Beta-amyloid kills nerves byShow MoreRelatedAlzheimer s Disease And Its Effects932 Words   |  4 PagesAlzheimer’s disease Alzheimer’s disease is a mental disorder that catches up to many while in middle or old age, due to generalized degeneration of the brain. It is the most common cause of premature senility. What causes this disease? Experts believe that Alzheimer s develops as a complex result of multiple factors rather than any one overriding cause. Alzheimer’s may result from the central nervous system including brain tumors, head injuries, and other diseases. They can also result form infectionsRead MoreThe Effects Of Alzheimer s Disease Essay1107 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: The effects of Alzheimer’s disease General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the effects of Alzheimer’s Disease. Thesis Statement: Alzheimer’s disease adversely affects the patient’s brain, behavior, and daily life. I. Introduction A. Attention Material: At some point in the sixth grade, early one morning, at around 3 a.m., I woke up to an eerie feeling. I felt as though someone was watching me, and to my surprise, someone was. I woke up to a perplexed faceRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease And Its Effects1188 Words   |  5 Pages Alzheimer s disease is a cognitively degenerative disease with irreversible side effects. The disease was first discovered in 1901 by the late German psychiatrist Alois Alzheimer while he was working with a fifty year old patient by the name of Auguste D. Since the disease s discovery, scientists, psychiatrist, and many other medical professionals have worked diligently to learn more about the disease s effects and potential treatments to hinder its rapid progression. Alzheimer s disease isRead MoreEffects Of Alzheimer s Disease : Description Of The Disease1572 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Alzheimer’s disease Description of the Disease Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder which attacks brain cells and neurons. This disease results in loss of memory, lower thinking capacity, loss of coordination and poor language skills. Alzheimer disease is majorly caused by brain cell death where neurons producing acetylcholine or neurotransmitters breaks connections with other nerve cell resulting to inflammation in the brain system connection (Munoz Feldman, 2012). WhenRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease And Its Effects1056 Words   |  5 Pages Alzheimer’s disease BEFORE AD Alzheimer’s isn’t new to us. The name just changed. Before Alzheimer’s was dementia. That has been around for quite some time. For the bizarre behavior of humans with dementia, people began to do spiritual â€Å"treatment† to people. Putting the patient in asylums. Back then people did not worry about the disease because they would only live for about 30 years (Kelly,2008). In the eighteenth century, a French doctor named Mr. Pinel believed that mental illnesses had aRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease And Its Effects Essay1402 Words   |  6 Pagesused to describe a disease or disorder that affects brain functioning by a decline in metal ability that can progress enough to interfere with daily life. There are different forms of dementia, such as Huntington’s, Parkinson’s, Vascular, and Frontotemporal, but the number one type of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease. According to the Alzheimer’s Association, one in nine Americans older than the age of 65 currently have been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversibleRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease And Its Effects On Society1009 Words   |  5 PagesAlzheimer’s disease, also known as AD is often insidious on set, it can take months up to years to go from a mild to severe impairment. (Mayeux, 2010) The disease is irreversible and has no cure. â€Å"The disease affects 500,000 Canadians, 71,000 of those are under the age of 65† (VanDenBroek, 2013). AD affects the person by impacting their neurological function, their cognition and their behaviour. Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, it affects two pathological hallmarks: amyloidRead MoreThe And Its Effects On Alzheimer s Disease Essay1311 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"more than 5 million Americans are living with Alzheimer’s disease† and this number is expected to triple by the year 2050. The AA website states that Alzheimer’s is the 6th leading cause of death in our country with 1 in 3 seniors dying from Alzheimer’s or other types of dementia. Because this disease effects so many people and because its symptoms are so devastating, scientists are continually searching for the cause of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in attempt to find treatment or a cure. Some scientistsRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease And Its Effects1575 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract: According to data available from the Alzheimer’s foundation every 67 seconds someone develops Alzheimer’s disease and currently at least 5.3 million people are affected by the disease. The numbers are expected to grow as 75 million baby boomers transition into retirement by 2030. Alzheimer disease is a brain disorder that causes decay and dis- function of neurons resulting in memory loss, speech and language impairment. This can also extend to challenges in physical and social behaviouralRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease And Its Effects1021 Words   |  5 PagesAlzheimer’s disease is a neurological disorder, in which one progressively loses memory, thinking skills, and the ability to perform activities of daily living. Alzheimer’s is a form of dementia also called senile dementia, and two thirds of dementia cases are from Alzheimer’s disease (ZZZZ). This disease usually effects the older generation, early 60s to late 60’s. According to the Nation al Institute of Aging, over 5 million Americans have Alzheimer’s, and it is ranked the sixth leading cause of

Bill of Rights - 1025 Words

Bill of Rights Amendments Paper Intro The United States is a country that was founded on the principle of freedom; it took the Bill of Rights to be added to the Constitution to guarantee citizens freedom. The Bill of Rights consists of the first ten amendments in the constitution; a document that outlines how the new American government would be created and operated. The Constitution was ratified in 1788 which was the start of protecting the interests of each citizen, two years later the Bill of Rights was proposed by congress and went into effect in 1791. It was designed to prevent the government from taking total power over citizens and to provide them with legal defenses. This essay will discuss the understanding of how†¦show more content†¦However, it was not until â€Å"the Voting Rights of 1965 that aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that denied blacks their right to vote under the 15th amendment† (The 15th Amendment: Ratification, 2012). This had to happen because despi te the amendment people were still using discriminatory practices against the blacks. There is a difference between the earlier amendments and the later ones because many of the earlier ones like the Bill of Rights were about civil liberties. The 19th through the 27th amendments dealt with political rights and technical issues. For example one of these amendments granted women the right to vote and some clarified the succession to the presidency and vice presidency. The later amendments work to increase political rights and to conform the details of our system of government. Conclusion Our individual rights are the most traditional and valued accomplishment of the United States, there are other states that are not entitled to have such rights. Each of the amendments are very important to how we live in today’s society; the first ten which is the Bill of Rights grants Americans their freedom. Our founding fathers had a vision on what they wanted America to become they laid the foundation for the constitution and allowed modification if necessary they knew that America would grow and the constitution would need adjustments; that is exactly whatShow MoreRelatedThe And The Bill Of Rights Essay1385 Words   |  6 PagesThe two sources of rights and fundamental principles found in the United States’ legal system as outlined by the text. Liberties and Rights what are the different between the two. Both of these words are in the Declaration of Independences and the Bill of Rights. These two words always been blurred, when it comes to their distinction. H owever, in today laws the words used interchangeable. However, they do example two different kinds of guaranteed protections. Supreme Court Judge Felix FrankfurterRead MoreThe Importance Of The Bill Of Rights1086 Words   |  5 PagesThe Importance of the Bill of Rights Kelley R. Webster POLS 1111 Professor C. Whitaker Why is the Bill of Rights important? That is a very good question. Men of conventional wisdom that help constitute the Bill reveals the structural ideas to be integrated with the Constitution in a language of rights. States’ rights, majority rights, minority rights and individual rights. The last word says it all for me...Rights. The Bill of Rights are important because our civil liberties are importantRead MoreThe Bill Of Rights And The Constitution1530 Words   |  7 PagesBefore dealing with individual amendments I would like to deal with the entire Bill of Rights and the constitution itself. The framers of the Constitution were wary of ceding too much power to the federal government. They rightly believed many local citizens would never make it to the capital but would interact with local government, so the power should be kept at the most local level possible. It was impossible to foresee in 1791 a world with video conferencing, 24-hr news and the ability to flyRead MoreThe Bill of Rights Essay1418 Words   |  6 Pagesfor the construction of American society. The Bill of Rights as one of the successful act in America, its importance position has never been ignored. The Bill of Rights was introduced by James Madison and came into effect on December 15, 1791. It has given the powerful support for the improvements of American society. The Bill of Rights has become an essential part in guaranteeing the further development of culture. The influence of The Bill of Rights can be easily found in its cultural revolutionizingRead MoreEssay on The Bill of Rights1379 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bill of Rights is a list of limitations on the power of the government. Firstly, the Bill of Rights is successful in assuring the adoption of the Constitution. Secondly, the Bill of Rights did not address every foreseeable situation. Thirdly, the Bill of Rights has assured the safety of the people of the nation. Successes, failures, and consequences are wha t made the Bill of Rights what they are today. Firstly, the Bill of Rights has guaranteed the adoption of the Constitution. James MadisonRead MoreBill of Rights Essay1647 Words   |  7 PagesThe â€Å"Bill of rights† had been proposed as a follow up to Parliament’s original Habeas Corpus bill, which safeguarded personal freedom and liberty. Now just about every colony had a bill of rights, so James Madison suggested that if the United States was to survived as a a country it would need to have a set of rules versus thirtheen and every state would have the same rules. In 1789, James Madison proposed a series of legislative articles to the first United States congress, but the processes tookRead MoreEssay on Bill of Rights2853 Words   |  12 PagesThe Bill of Rights as it stands for the United States entered as a stems from a vow as promises so to speak was made by the Fathers of Confederation to the states during the effort for ratification of the Constitution in 1787-1788. Numerous states had created some conditions for their ratification; the appendage of amendments, which would assure citizen’s a safeguard like a safety net for their human rights in contrast to the central government and therefore the people had a rather remarkable circumstancesRead MoreThe Students Bill Of Rights968 Words   |  4 Pagesis doing her practicum has written a School Bill of Rights to give guide to the students, staff and parents as to what is appropriate behavior. The author supports this bill of rights because it provides a healthy environment for learning for the students. The author of this essay highly respects students’ bill of rights in the school. The students do not lose their constitutional rights when they come to school. Thus, they have First Amendment rights to express themselves. The democratic leaderRead MoreDefining The Bill Of Rights1075 Words   |  5 PagesDefining the Bill of Rights and Amendments to the Constitution Originally the Constitutional framers did not include a list of specific liberties. These liberties later would become a Bill of Rights. Many of the founding fathers did not believe it was necessary to spell out these individual liberties because they felt that the U.S. Constitution already made it clear what the limits on the government’s powers were. Soon it would become more evident that the Constitution didn’t go far enough in addressingRead More The Bill of Rights Essay1356 Words   |  6 PagesBill of Rights We live in the 21st century, where most Americans mind their own business but take for granted our God given rights. Not only God given rights but also those established by our founding forefathers. This paper will illustrate and depict the importance of the original problems faced when adopting the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. It will discuss the importance of the first amendment, the due process of the 4th, 5th, 6th, and the 8th amendments. Last but not least the importance

Wireless Networking and Concepts

Question: Discuss about theWireless Networking and Concepts. Answer: Introduction: Function of an Amplifier and the Reasons for its Use in Radio Systems An amplifier is defined as an electronic device that helps in increasing the current, power and voltage of a signal (Balanis, 2016). Amplifiers help in using different varieties of broadcasting and wireless communications. It also helps in increasing the amplitude of a signal waveform whereas the waveforms of other parameters are not changed. Amplifiers are one of the mostly used circuits and they perform different types of functions. The Functions of the Amplifiers are: Amplifiers control the output of a circuit by assisting an assimilated loop for feedback (Lo et al., 2013). It helps in copying a signal with decreased or increased amplitude It does not generate harmonic distortion and helps in responding to different frequencies of the component (Ngo etal., 2015). For the purpose of relay communication and for amplifying particular narrow band amplifiers uses boosting signals. The amplifier that is used for the process of radio frequency ranging is known as the RF amplifier. The range of radio frequency exists in the electronic spectrum. It helps in increasing the output power of the transmitter and sensitivity of the receiver is increased but audio amplifier is used for regenerating the audio frequencies (Punj et al., 2014). For the purpose of signal amplification it is divided and split into power amps and small amplifiers. For optimizing the power speaker power amp is used. When a number of power amps are combined together then they are used for accommodating various audio generated signals for the purpose of radio communication. Operational amplifiers are used for the purpose of signal processing. It performs all the mathematical operations on signals (Stutzman Thiele, 2012). Operational amplifiers also provide inverting operations on output signals. The main characteristics of ideal operational amplifiers include: Infinite input impedance delay in the process of propagation Infinite gain Null or zero output impedance. Amplifiers are one of the components of an electronic circuit that receive small signal as input and changes the amplitude of the signal (Tamagnone et al., 2012). For example: in the loud speaker the noise perceived in low but the loudspeaker modifies its amplitude and makes it audible to the listeners. Purpose of Mixer and the Discussion of Side Basebands Mixers are defined as a component that is very much significant in the method of radio communication and wave propagation. Different kinds of radio frequency receivers and transmitters are sorted by using the frequency mixers (Yang et al., 2013).Energy is produced when the two waveforms are multiplied. This generated energy is equal to the energy that is generated by the summation or difference method of two waveforms. Only one value is obtained when the output filter is provided to the output signal (Yi et al., 2014).The technique is very much useful for all the types of technique or conversion that are related with the radio receiver and transmitter. Audio Mixers are used for the extraction process of sound. The sound is extracted from various channels. The sound waves from different channels can be combined together and for using as audio mixers (Yu et al., 2013). Signal processing methods can be used by audio signals for controlling the processes of wave amplitude of each input signal. Audio mixers can also be used for controlling the ratio of each signal. Both high and low pass filters is used as mixers. The processes of amplitude modulation comprises of mixing the input signal in order to transmit it along a RF carrier signal. There are three forms of signals that are produced. The signals are modulation processes, input carrier signal (Zhang et al., 2015). When the summation and difference signals are not processed then the single sideband modulation occurs. In the double sided modulation, the main or significant signal is completely or partially removed by the out from the waveform. Three important sidebands are always generated by using the modulation processes of the frequencies. For example 20 KHz of carrier signal is modulated to 100 HZ. The result or output will be in the form of carrier that is added to the tone frequency and carrier subtracted by the frequency of the tome (Yu et al., 2013). Sidebands are only produced with the help of sidebands. If amplitude is changed from the sinusoidal waveform then it is resulted in altering the waveform from sinusoid to the mixture. Fourier analysis can be used for analysing booth type of brands. Comparison of the Multiplexing Processes CDMA and FDMA FDMA is defined as a process of diving a bandwidth or channel into multiple number of individual bands. Each individual channel or band helps in accommodating the waveform of the related transmissions that needs to be propagated (Tamagnone et al., 2012). On the other hand, CDMA is defined as a spread spectrum as it provides digitized version of analog signal and helps in spreading the signal at a wider bandwidth in order to lower the level of power. Comparison off Frequency division multiplexing and code division multiplexing is discussed. Features FDMA CDMA Time Factor For multiplexing processes, the FDMA needs synchronization as well as timing factor. CDMA does not need timing process or synchronization for its operations that are related with multiplexing Different Transmission rate Variable transmission process is difficult therefore the different transmitted rate is lower for FDMA (Punj et al., 2014). Rate of different transmission is higher for the CDMA technique as the technique is controlled by the processes of code division method. Carrier frequency stability Stability of the carrier frequency in FDMA technique is necessary for the operation processes of multiplexing. Stability of high carrier frequency is not necessary in the CDMA technique for the operations of multiplexing. The stability factors may or it is not present with this system of technique (Balanis, 2016). Monitoring of Power The factors of power monitoring are not easy for being applied in FDMA The monitoring power is quite easy for applying in the processes of CDMA. Zonal analysis for application The Zonal size is of any size. It can be small or large size in the technique of FDMA. The Zonal size in CDMA does not require a large size. Fading Mitigation In order to deal with fading mitigation, equalizer is not required (Yang et al., 2013). Rake receivers are required in the CDMA for affecting the multipath system of fading. Far and Near Problem Far and near related problems are not present in FDMA because there is no chances of commination systems that is disrupt. In CDMA, disrupt problem of communication is present and hence the problems of near and far occurs (Yi et al., 2014). References Balanis, C.A., (2016).Antenna theory: analysis and design. John Wiley Sons. Lo, Y.T. Lee, S.W., (2013).Antenna Handbook: theory, applications, and design. Springer Science Business Media. Ngo, D.T., Le, L.B., Le-Ngoc, T., Hossain, E. and Kim, D.I., (2012). Distributed interference management in two-tier CDMA femtocell networks.IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,11(3), pp.979-989. Punj, A., Hill, P. D., Huber, R. E. (2014).U.S. Patent No. 8,634,530. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Stutzman, W.L. and Thiele, G.A., (2012).Antenna theory and design. John Wiley Sons. Tamagnone, M., Gomez-Diaz, J.S., Mosig, J.R. and Perruisseau-Carrier, J., (2012). Reconfigurable terahertz plasmonic antenna concept using a graphene stack.Applied Physics Letters,101(21), p.214102. Yang, N., Yeoh, P.L., Elkashlan, M., Schober, R. and Collings, I.B., (2013). Transmit antenna selection for security enhancement in MIMO wiretap channels.IEEE Transactions on Communications,61(1), pp.144-154. Yi, J.M., Cuche, A., Devaux, E., Genet, C. and Ebbesen, T.W., (2014). Beaming visible light with a plasmonic aperture antenna.ACS photonics,1(4), pp.365-370. Yu, N., Genevet, P., Aieta, F., Kats, M.A., Blanchard, R., Aoust, G., Tetienne, J.P., Gaburro, Z. and Capasso, F., (2013). Flat optics: controlling wavefronts with optical antenna metasurfaces.IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics,19(3), pp.4700423-4700423. Zhang, J., Yang, L.L., Hanzo, L. and Gharavi, H., (2015). Advances in Cooperative Single-Carrier FDMA Communications: Beyond LTE-Advanced.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,17(2), pp.730-756.

Treating Anaphylaxis Essays - Medical Emergencies, RTT,

Treating Anaphylaxis TREATING ANAPHYLAXIS In the emergency setting, anaphylaxis is a dangerous, life threatening condition that must be treated in an aggressive and timely fashion. Anaphylaxis is a condition related to acute allergic reactions. Following the body's exposure to the offending allergen, there are common systemic reactions. The most serious reactions involve the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, but the gastrointestinal, dermatologic, and genitourinary systems are often involved causing varied symptoms such as urticaria, flushing, angioedema, bronchospasm, hypotension, cardiac arrythmias, nausea, intestinal cramps, pruritus, and finally uterine cramps. (Physician Assistant, 8/94) The above list is by no means exhaustive, specific symptoms vary from person to person. The same person suffering from several anaphylactic reactions can also present with differing symptoms. Physiologically speaking, the two main effects of the body's released mediators (IgE) during an anaphylactic reaction are smooth muscle contraction and vasodilatation, which cause most of the body's adverse symptoms. (JAMA, 11/26/82) Since the most life threatening reactions usually involve the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, that is where emergency treatment is focused. In the cardiovascular system, a combination of vasodilatation, increased vascular permeability, tachcycardia, and arrhythmias can lead to severe hypotension. In the respiratory system, the swelling of tissues along with bronchospasm and increased mucus production are the main cause of death. So, if untreated, anaphylaxis can be fatal as a result of the body's going into what is essentially shock, while simultaneously (and more importantly) being deprived of the oxygen needed to sustain life. As of today there is one universally accepted treatment for acute anaphylaxis. Epinephrine. Epinephrine is both an alpha and a beta agonist. This makes it the drug optimally suited to treat anaphylaxis. Epinephrine will increase vascular resistance, reduce vascular permeability, produce bronchodilation and increase cardiac output. (Emergency, 10/93) Epinephrine will directly counteract the potentially life threatening aspects of anaphylaxis. Epinephrine can , and is, used in the both the pre-hospital environment as well as in definitive care institutions. Epinephrine is widely administered by ALS providers the world over. The drug is so effective that and relatively simple to use that ?subcutaneous administration of epinephrine by EMT-B's trained in recognition ? of anaphylaxis? is safe. (Annals of Emergency Medicine, 6/95) Following the administration of epinephrine, antihistamines such as diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine, and promethazine can be administered. These agents block the harmful effects of histamine, a mediator associated with allergic reactions, and while not displacing histamine from receptors, they compete with histamine for receptor cites and therefore block additional histamine from binding. (JEMS, 4/95) Patients taking beta adrenergic blocking agents will have limited benefits from the administration of epinephrine (it being a beta agent), as well potentially unopposed alpha adrenergic effects that could result in severe hypertension. (Physician Assistant, 8/94) In such cases norepinepherine and dopamine may be necessary to treat systemic anaphylaxis. Glucagon which increases cAMP, is a bronchodilator, and stimulates cardiac output, can be very useful, even in the presence of beta blockers. (Physician Assistant, 8/94) Inhaled bronchodilators are useful for the treatment of respiratory complications associated with anaphylaxis. There is a wide variety of acceptable agents. Sympathomimetics such as albuterol, and metaproterenol will relax the smooth muscle in the respiratory tract. Anticholinergic agents such as ipratropium bromide can also decrease bronchospasm. Aminophylline, a bronchodilator and diuretic can also increase intracellular cAMP levels, as well as potentiating catecholamines and stimulating their release; these effects make it a useful tool in dealing with persistent bronchospasm. (Physician Assistant, 8/94) Even though steroids (glucocorticosteroids) have some potentially beneficial effects for the relief of bronchospasm and hypotension, they are not recommended for the treatment of acute anaphylactic symptoms due to the fact that it takes four to six hours for them to be effective. (JAMA, 11/26/82) But, steroids such as methylprednisolone and hydrocortisone, are useful in shortening the duration of, and reducing the severity of prolonged anaphylactic reactions, as well as preventing the recurrence of delayed symptoms. (Physician Assistant, 8/94) The above agents are all widely used to treat anaphylaxis. But there are studies and experiments underway that are looking at alternative, or additional treatments. Naloxone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) are both being looked at in the possible treatment of anaphylaxis as well as traumatic shock. Naloxone improves cardiovascular function in a variety of animal models