Wireless Networking and Concepts

Question: Discuss about theWireless Networking and Concepts. Answer: Introduction: Function of an Amplifier and the Reasons for its Use in Radio Systems An amplifier is defined as an electronic device that helps in increasing the current, power and voltage of a signal (Balanis, 2016). Amplifiers help in using different varieties of broadcasting and wireless communications. It also helps in increasing the amplitude of a signal waveform whereas the waveforms of other parameters are not changed. Amplifiers are one of the mostly used circuits and they perform different types of functions. The Functions of the Amplifiers are: Amplifiers control the output of a circuit by assisting an assimilated loop for feedback (Lo et al., 2013). It helps in copying a signal with decreased or increased amplitude It does not generate harmonic distortion and helps in responding to different frequencies of the component (Ngo etal., 2015). For the purpose of relay communication and for amplifying particular narrow band amplifiers uses boosting signals. The amplifier that is used for the process of radio frequency ranging is known as the RF amplifier. The range of radio frequency exists in the electronic spectrum. It helps in increasing the output power of the transmitter and sensitivity of the receiver is increased but audio amplifier is used for regenerating the audio frequencies (Punj et al., 2014). For the purpose of signal amplification it is divided and split into power amps and small amplifiers. For optimizing the power speaker power amp is used. When a number of power amps are combined together then they are used for accommodating various audio generated signals for the purpose of radio communication. Operational amplifiers are used for the purpose of signal processing. It performs all the mathematical operations on signals (Stutzman Thiele, 2012). Operational amplifiers also provide inverting operations on output signals. The main characteristics of ideal operational amplifiers include: Infinite input impedance delay in the process of propagation Infinite gain Null or zero output impedance. Amplifiers are one of the components of an electronic circuit that receive small signal as input and changes the amplitude of the signal (Tamagnone et al., 2012). For example: in the loud speaker the noise perceived in low but the loudspeaker modifies its amplitude and makes it audible to the listeners. Purpose of Mixer and the Discussion of Side Basebands Mixers are defined as a component that is very much significant in the method of radio communication and wave propagation. Different kinds of radio frequency receivers and transmitters are sorted by using the frequency mixers (Yang et al., 2013).Energy is produced when the two waveforms are multiplied. This generated energy is equal to the energy that is generated by the summation or difference method of two waveforms. Only one value is obtained when the output filter is provided to the output signal (Yi et al., 2014).The technique is very much useful for all the types of technique or conversion that are related with the radio receiver and transmitter. Audio Mixers are used for the extraction process of sound. The sound is extracted from various channels. The sound waves from different channels can be combined together and for using as audio mixers (Yu et al., 2013). Signal processing methods can be used by audio signals for controlling the processes of wave amplitude of each input signal. Audio mixers can also be used for controlling the ratio of each signal. Both high and low pass filters is used as mixers. The processes of amplitude modulation comprises of mixing the input signal in order to transmit it along a RF carrier signal. There are three forms of signals that are produced. The signals are modulation processes, input carrier signal (Zhang et al., 2015). When the summation and difference signals are not processed then the single sideband modulation occurs. In the double sided modulation, the main or significant signal is completely or partially removed by the out from the waveform. Three important sidebands are always generated by using the modulation processes of the frequencies. For example 20 KHz of carrier signal is modulated to 100 HZ. The result or output will be in the form of carrier that is added to the tone frequency and carrier subtracted by the frequency of the tome (Yu et al., 2013). Sidebands are only produced with the help of sidebands. If amplitude is changed from the sinusoidal waveform then it is resulted in altering the waveform from sinusoid to the mixture. Fourier analysis can be used for analysing booth type of brands. Comparison of the Multiplexing Processes CDMA and FDMA FDMA is defined as a process of diving a bandwidth or channel into multiple number of individual bands. Each individual channel or band helps in accommodating the waveform of the related transmissions that needs to be propagated (Tamagnone et al., 2012). On the other hand, CDMA is defined as a spread spectrum as it provides digitized version of analog signal and helps in spreading the signal at a wider bandwidth in order to lower the level of power. Comparison off Frequency division multiplexing and code division multiplexing is discussed. Features FDMA CDMA Time Factor For multiplexing processes, the FDMA needs synchronization as well as timing factor. CDMA does not need timing process or synchronization for its operations that are related with multiplexing Different Transmission rate Variable transmission process is difficult therefore the different transmitted rate is lower for FDMA (Punj et al., 2014). Rate of different transmission is higher for the CDMA technique as the technique is controlled by the processes of code division method. Carrier frequency stability Stability of the carrier frequency in FDMA technique is necessary for the operation processes of multiplexing. Stability of high carrier frequency is not necessary in the CDMA technique for the operations of multiplexing. The stability factors may or it is not present with this system of technique (Balanis, 2016). Monitoring of Power The factors of power monitoring are not easy for being applied in FDMA The monitoring power is quite easy for applying in the processes of CDMA. Zonal analysis for application The Zonal size is of any size. It can be small or large size in the technique of FDMA. The Zonal size in CDMA does not require a large size. Fading Mitigation In order to deal with fading mitigation, equalizer is not required (Yang et al., 2013). Rake receivers are required in the CDMA for affecting the multipath system of fading. Far and Near Problem Far and near related problems are not present in FDMA because there is no chances of commination systems that is disrupt. In CDMA, disrupt problem of communication is present and hence the problems of near and far occurs (Yi et al., 2014). References Balanis, C.A., (2016).Antenna theory: analysis and design. John Wiley Sons. Lo, Y.T. Lee, S.W., (2013).Antenna Handbook: theory, applications, and design. Springer Science Business Media. Ngo, D.T., Le, L.B., Le-Ngoc, T., Hossain, E. and Kim, D.I., (2012). Distributed interference management in two-tier CDMA femtocell networks.IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,11(3), pp.979-989. Punj, A., Hill, P. D., Huber, R. E. (2014).U.S. Patent No. 8,634,530. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Stutzman, W.L. and Thiele, G.A., (2012).Antenna theory and design. John Wiley Sons. 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